Internet Explorer
| Microsoft Windows 的组件 | |
 | |
| 文件:InternetExplorer-11.0.22621.1-MainWindow.png | |
| 推出于 | Microsoft Plus! 95、 Windows 95 OSR 1 |
|---|---|
| 终止支持 | 2022 年 年 6 月 15 日（对于 Windows 10 半年频道） 2022 年 年 8 月 9 日（对于 Windows Server 半年频道） 终止支持日期取决于其他 Windows 版本的生命周期 |
| 接替 | |
| Microsoft Edge | |
Internet Explorer 是由 Microsoft 设计的浏览器，是其首次涉足 Web 浏览器市场。浏览器的初始版本来自 Spyglass Mosaic，Microsoft 以适度的季度费用和一部分非 Windows 产品收入获得许可。当 Microsoft 决定用他们的 Windows 操作系统“免费”分发 Internet Explorer 时，他们能够避免大多数版税。
由于浏览器从 Windows 9x 系列及更高版本开始就被纳入其中，它引发了长达三年的反垄断诉讼，一直持续到 2001 年 11 月。此浏览器在第一次浏览器大战中迅速超越了 Netscape，并保留了 ~95% 的市场份额，直到 2000 年代初，Mozilla Firefox 和 Google Chrome 等流行的替代浏览器进入市场，引发了第二次浏览器大战。
Internet Explorer 因不遵守 W3C 设定的 Web 标准而臭名昭著，直到版本 9，Microsoft 对 HTML5 和 Web 标准做出了新的承诺才有所改观。它最终在 2015 年被 Microsoft Edge 取代。
History
Internet Explorer began development in 1995, while Windows 95 was still under development. Up to around 1994-95, Microsoft's focus on networking had been primarily focused on local-area-network solutions, and their internet focus had been on proprietary services such as The Microsoft Network (there was precedence for this, given the popularity of AOL and CompuServe). However, with popularity of the world-wide-web growing, several groups at Microsoft began work on web browsers, which were unified into the IE project, set to become part of the Plus Pack for Windows 95.
The initial version of IE was based on licensed code from Spyglass Mosaic, and IE was first bundled by Microsoft with Windows 95 OSR1 and Windows NT 4.0 in version 2.0. After the conclusion of Windows 95's development, Microsoft began making plans to integrate IE into Windows as a core component of the operating system, providing the HTML rendering engine of IE, MSHTML, as a library that other applications could embed. At the time based on Internet Explorer 2.0, early betas of Windows "Nashville" used SHDOCVW (the IE shell document viewer) for an early version of the Windows Desktop Update. After Nashville was cancelled, the Windows 95 codebase, which already has the DOS 7.10 and FAT32 technologies was bifurcated into what would become Windows 98 and what would become Windows 95 OSR2; the Memphis branch adopted the WDM and IE4 technologies, which later were integrated into Windows 95 OSR2.5.
Simultaneously, the Internet Explorer codebase was split, around January 1996, into what would become IE 3.0 and IE 4.0. IE 3.0 contained most of the enhancements slated for IE 4.0 except the Windows Desktop Update, which was a Memphis technology.
The Windows Desktop Update essentially merged IE and Explorer, sharing DLLs such as BROWSEUI.DLL. During Windows Vista's development, they forked off, with IE7 adding IEFRAME.DLL.
During the 1990s, Microsoft produced both Mac OS and UNIX versions of Internet Explorer. While the Mac OS versions were based on a totally separate codebase, the UNIX versions of Internet Explorer and Outlook Express (which was bundled with IE at the time) were actually ports of the Windows versions, using ports of Windows components from Mainsoft's product MainWin, using source code they had licensed from Microsoft. IE for UNIX even supported ActiveX; while there were no ActiveX controls written by third parties for the RISC processors used by the various supported UNIX OSes, Microsoft did support ActiveX scripting through VBScript.
Internet Explorer continued to be supported long after being replaced by Microsoft Edge due to being the only supported option for many corporate intranets. Even after IE was removed from Windows, the underlying components powering it remain since, as a part of Windows, it is a dependency for many applications that require web views, including Microsoft's own help viewers. IE exposes various COM objects and APIs for applications to use.
Since IE was an operating system component, but versions of IE released after an OS's release were optional updates, the version of IE launched with an operating system would continue to be supported as long as that OS was supported. For example, Windows 2000 launched with IE 5.01, and through to the end of Windows 2000's support in 2010, Microsoft continued to support IE 5.01 on Windows 2000, delivering updates for that configuration, though they also supported IE6. IE5.5, being not the original version of IE included with Windows 2000 nor the latest, was only supported until Windows 2000 exited mainstream support in 2005.
Similarly, Microsoft continued to support IE6 on Windows XP even after the release of IE7 and IE8, IE7 on Vista after IE8 and 9, though this policy did start to end over time as Microsoft required one to use the latest supported browser on Windows to continue receiving updates for the browser. This particularly affected IE9, which was released out-of-band from any Windows release, and IE10 which was only included on the short-lived Windows 8.0; IE8 received limited updates through to 2020 on Windows 7.
生命周期结束
2020 年 8 月 17 日，Microsoft 宣布 Microsoft 365 应用将从 2020 年 11 月 30 日起不再支持 Internet Explorer、Microsoft Teams Web 应用，随后在 2021 年 8 月 17 日跟进所有其他 365 应用。
Microsoft 于 2022 年 6 月 15 日停用 Internet Explorer。[1]从 Windows 10 Build 21387 开始，浏览器的功能已被禁用，尝试打开其可执行文件会将用户重定向到 Microsoft Edge，尽管仍然可以通过各种解决方法运行 Internet Explorer，例如将 ieframe.dll 替换为旧版本的副本；通过调出 Internet 选项控制面板小程序并单击程序选项卡，然后单击管理加载项来调用它；单击“了解有关工具栏和扩展名的更多信息”或使用 .vbs 文件：
Internet Explorer .vbs 文件：
CreateObject("InternetExplorer.Application").Visible=true
历代版本
| 版本 | 发布日期 | 包含在 | 注 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1.0 | 1995 年 8 月 24 日[2][3] | Microsoft Plus! for Windows 95 |
|
| 1.5 | 1996 年 1 月 | — | 作为 Windows 3.1x 和 Windows NT 3.51 的中间版本，用于弥合 IE 1 和 2 之间的差距 |
| 2.0 | 1995 年 11 月 22 日（Windows 95） 1996 年 4 月 23 日（Win 3.1、NT 3.51、Mac OS） |
Windows 95 OSR1 Windows NT 4.0 Nashville（alpha） |
|
| 2.1 | 1996 年 | — | 作为 Windows 3.1x 和 Windows NT 3.51 的中间版本，用于弥合 IE 2 和 3 之间的差距 |
| 3.0 | 1996 年 8 月 13 日（Windows） 1997 年 1 月 8 日（Mac OS） |
Windows 95 OSR2（3.0） Windows 95 OSR2.1（3.02） |
|
| 4.0 | 1997 年 9 月 | Windows 95 OSR2.5（4.0） Windows NT 4.0 Terminal Server Edition（4.01，可选） Windows 98（4.01 SP1） Windows 98 SP1（4.01 SP2） |
|
| 4.5 | 1999 年 | — | 针对经典 Mac OS 发布 |
| 5.0 | 1999 年 3 月 18 日 | Windows 98 SE（5.0） Windows 2000（5.01） Neptune（5.01 RTM 前，与 5.5 Beta 混合） |
|
| 5.1 | 2000 年 | — | 最后一个适用于经典 Mac OS 的版本 |
| 5.2 | 2001 年 | Mac OS X Cheetah 至 Mac OS X Tiger[a] | 仅适用于 Mac OS X 的版本 |
| 5.5 | 2000 年 6 月 19 日 | Windows Me |
|
| 5.6 | 2000 年 | — | 预装在 Windows XP Build 2211 至 2296 中 |
| 6 | 2001 年 8 月 24 日 | Windows XP Windows Server 2003 |
|
| 7 | 2006 年 10 月 18 日 | Windows Vista Windows Server 2008 |
|
| 8 | 2009 年 3 月 19 日 | Windows 7 Windows Server 2008 R2 |
|
| 9 | 2011 年 3 月 14 日 | — |
|
| 10 | 2012 年 10 月 26 日 | Windows 8 Windows Server 2012 |
|
| 11 | 2013 年 10 月 17 日 | Windows 8.1 Windows Server 2012 R2 Windows 10 Windows Server 2016 Windows Server 2019 Windows Server 2022 |
|
兼容性
| Windows for Workgroups 3.1x | Windows NT 3.51 | Windows 95 | Windows 95 OSR1 | Windows NT 4.0 | Windows 95 OSR2 | Windows 95 OSR2.5 | Windows NT 4.0 Terminal Server Edition | Windows 98 | Windows NT 4.0 Service Pack 6a | Windows 98 Second Edition | Windows 2000 | Windows Me | Windows XP | Windows XP Service Pack 2 | Windows Server 2003 | Windows Server 2003 Service Pack 1 | Windows Server 2003 Service Pack 2 | Windows Vista | Windows 7 | Windows Vista Service Pack 2 | Windows 7 Service Pack 1 | Windows 8 | Windows Server 2012 | Windows Embedded 8 | Windows 8.1 | Windows 10 | Windows 11 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Internet Explorer 1 | A | A | Y | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N |
| Internet Explorer 1.5 | A | A | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N |
| Internet Explorer 2 | A | A | A | Y | Y | A | A | A | N | Y | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N |
| Internet Explorer 2.1 | A | A | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N |
| Internet Explorer 3 | A | A | A | A | A | Y | N | A | N | A | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N |
| Internet Explorer 4 | A | A | A | A | A | A | Y | Y | Y | A | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N |
| Internet Explorer 5 | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | Y | Y | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N |
| Internet Explorer 5.5 | N | N | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | Y | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N |
| Internet Explorer 6 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | A | A | A | A | A | A | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N |
| Internet Explorer 7 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | A | N | A | A | Y | N | Y | N | N | N | N | N | N | N |
| Internet Explorer 8 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | A | N | N | A | A | Y | A | Y | N | N | N | N | N | N |
| Internet Explorer 9 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | A | A | A | N | N | N | N | N | N |
| Internet Explorer 10 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | A | N | A | Y | Y | Y | N | N | N |
| Internet Explorer 11 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | A | N | A | A | Y | Y | Y |
图例：不可用 可用 预安装
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
注
- ↑ 从 Mac OS X Panther 开始，默认情况下不再安装 Internet Explorer，而是安装 Safari。