查看“磁盘碎片整理程序”的源代码

{{Infobox Windows component
|name = Microsoft 驱动器优化程序
|screenshot = Windows11-DriveOptimizer.png
|logo = DriveOptimizer_logo.png
|introduced in = [[Windows 95]]（经典系列）、<br> [[Windows 2000]]（NT 系列）
|caption = [[Windows 11]] 中的磁盘碎片整理程序
|type = 碎片整理实用程序
|exe = <code>dfrgui.exe</code>（[[Windows Vista]] 及以上版本）
}}
磁盘碎片整理程序是 [[Microsoft Windows]] 的组件。它是一个可用于对计算机上的磁盘驱动器进行碎片整理和优化的应用程序。

== 历史 ==
=== 背景 ===
强烈建议对经典和 NT 系列的早期 Windows 版本进行硬盘驱动器碎片整理，以保持性能和可靠性。但是，这些版本缺少可用于轻松执行此任务的内置程序。因此，OEM 和其他软件开发人员开始创建自己的应用程序来填补这一空白。

早期的 Windows NT 版本到 [[Windows NT 3.51|NT 3.51]] 支持移动数据群集，但没有执行此操作的接口。因此，开发人员还必须创建支持此功能的特殊碎片整理实用程序。在这段时间发布的所有应用程序中，最引人注目的是 Diskeeper，它附带了可以移动这些集群的NT内核和文件系统驱动程序的定制版本。

===Early years===
====Windows 9x====
In [[Windows 95]], Microsoft released for the first time its own defragmenting tool for Windows, which was ''Disk Defragmenter''. It could be launched on Start → Programs → Accessories → System Tools. When first opened, it opened a dialog where users could choose the drive to defragment. After that, an additional window appeared where an analysis of the drive showed the fragmented percentage, from which would depend a recommended defragmentation or not. Regardless of the result, users could defragment the drive through the "Start" button.  

Once defragmentation starts, another window appears showing the task's process. However, it was also possible to see more details, such as the current stage of the defragmentation or a visual representation of the process, through the "Show Details" button. 

In [[Windows 98]], the drive analysis is skipped after choosing a drive, taking the user directly to the defragmentation progress window. 

[[Windows Me]] didn't add many changes to the app, asides from the colors used for the detailed view being slightly modified. 

====Windows NT====
Disk Defragmenter, however, wouldn't arrive to the NT family until [[Windows 2000]]. Here, the app was hugely revamped, including the following changes that marked a significant evolution from the 9x family versions: 

*It is a Microsoft Management Console snap-in based on a stripped-down version of Diskeeper, whose individual launching command is <code>dfrg.msc</code>.
*A new dashboard that gets rid of the window sequence from the 9x family versions and allows to perform required tasks and view more comfortably.
*A new behavior: 
**Drives are all displayed in a list view, where users can rapidly choose the one to work with.
**Users now have more control over which task they want to perform first, as buttons to manually start drive defragmentation and analysis, where the latter has been reintroduced after being removed in Windows 98, are available.
**Both defragmentation and drive analysis now generate reports showing additional information users can check, print, and save as <code>.txt</code> files.
*A new way in which analysis and defragmentation progress are displayed: 
**Under the drives list, two color graphs show the status of these tasks, getting rid of the compact view used in the 9x family.
**When these tasks are in progress, additional colors such as green, blue, and red are used instead of only turquoise and white as in the 9x family. The color legend is now shown by default at the bottom of the window instead of being hidden under a button.
**Analysis and defragmentation percentage are no longer shown in a numerical mode, and they are now limited to a progress bar at the bottom of the window.

Despite all these changes, Windows 2000's Disk Defragmenter has some limitations: 

*Defragmenting NTFS volumes with cluster sizes larger than 4 kilobytes (KB) is not possible.
*It is not possible to perform fine-grained movement of uncompressed NTFS file data. Moving a single file cluster also moves the 4 KB part of the file that contains the cluster.
*Encrypted File System (EFS) encrypted files are not defragmented.

===Windows XP===
Updates to Disk Defragmenter made on [[Windows XP]] were largely focused on improving functionality, with only one notable visual change:

*Estimated disk usage before and after a drive's defragmentation is now shown instead of visual representations for analysis and defragmentation.
*Limitations present in Windows 2000 have been removed.
*The snap-in no longer relies on Windows NT Cache Manager, which prevented the defragmenter from moving pieces of a file that cross a 256KB boundary within the file.
*NTFS metadata files can now be defragmented.
*A command-line tool, <code>defrag</code>, has been added, allowing access to the snap-in tools via Command Prompt or other apps such as Task Scheduler.

===Windows Vista===
Windows Vista introduced multiple enhancements for Disk Defragmenter once again, including these changes:

*It was rebuilt into its own base rather than Management Console's, changing the launching command to <code>dfrgui.exe</code>, which at some point reflects that it's the graphical version to reduce confusions with the <code>defrag</code> command-line tool.
*Periodic defragmenting of drives can now be scheduled on the graphical version, as the <code>defrag</code> utility already had the ability since its debut in XP.
*The interface has been simplified, with the color graphs, task progress indicators, drive analysis and selection, and fragmentation data being removed entirely.
*It became part of the Windows Administrative Tools, thus popping a [[User Account Control]] prompt before launching by default.
In [[Windows Vista build 6001.18000|Service Pack 1]], the ability to choose which volumes will be defragmented was reintroduced after being kept for [[Windows Server 2008|its Server counterpart]].

===Windows 7===
As with Windows XP, [[Windows 7]]'s updates to Disk Defragmenter had a primary focus on improving the user experience:

*Some classic features removed in Windows Vista have been reintroduced with additional updates:
**The drives list, which now shows the drive type and hidden partitions such as System Reserved.
**Drive analysis, which no longer launches a window to inform the status after completing. Instead, it refreshes the drives list to show how defragmented a drive is.
**Analysis and defragmentation percentage, which now show advanced details such as file relocating and consolidating progress for the case of defragmentation.
*Multiple drives can now be defragmented simultaneously.
*The User Account Control prompt at launch has been removed, while the analyze, defragment, and change schedule buttons now require elevated privileges.
**The prompts to perform any of the aforementioned tasks only appear if the user sets control notifications to be always sent and the app is launched with normal privileges. Otherwise:
***With the app launched normally, it will reopen with the escalated privileges and the chosen task being started automatically.
***With the app launched already with administrative privileges, the prompts will be ignored.
Since this version, Disk Defragmenter is responsible for the TRIM command, which allows the operating system to inform solid-state drives which blocks of data aren't used and can be safely wiped internally.

===Windows 8===
[[Windows 8]] had a few updates for the graphical app:

*The app's naming has been changed:
**The executable name has been changed to ''Microsoft Drive Optimizer''.
**The app identifier on the title bar has changed to ''Optimize Drives''.
**The name used in areas such as the Start screen has been changed to ''Defragment and Optimize Drives''.
**Strings that would previously have defragmentation references now say ''optimize''.
*Scheduled defragmentation has been updated and its status on the main page consolidated:
**It has been moved to the bottom of the window.
**Instead of using a full string to describe if it is enabled or not, now it only shows on or off status words.
**The next scheduled run is no longer displayed.
**Frequency on which it can be chosen to run is now only limited to the daily, weekly, or monthly paces, and the ability to choose a day and hour has been removed.

===Windows 10===
[[Windows 10]]'s initial release had an untouched Drive Optimizer from the 8 family. However, [[Windows 10 build 20241.1000|''Iron'' build 20241.1000]] introduced additional updates:

*An ''Advanced View'' checkbox was added, which could show more hidden volumes when selected. It was broken at this point, but was made functional in [[Windows 10 build 20270|a later build]].
*More information was introduced to explain why some drives can't be optimized, such as ''File system'' or ''partition type not supported''.
*Support for using the {{key press|F5}} key to refresh the drives list has been added.

==Gallery==

===Windows 95===
<gallery>
File:Win95 Defrag1.png|Drive selection
File:Win95 Defrag2.png|Drive analysis showing defragmentation is not needed
File:Win95 Defrag3.png|Defragmenting
</gallery>

===Windows 98===
<gallery>
File:Win98 Defrag1.png|Drive selection
File:Win98 Defrag2.png|Defragmenting (compact view)
File:Win98 Defrag3.png|Defragmenting (detailed view)
</gallery>

===Windows Me===
<gallery>
File:WinME Defrag1.png|Drive selection
File:WinME Defrag2.png|Defragmenting (compact view)
File:WinME Defrag3.png|Defragmenting (detailed view)
</gallery>

===Windows 2000===
<gallery>
File:Win2K Defrag1.png|Main page
File:Win2K Defrag2.png|Analysis result
File:Win2K Defrag3.png|Analysis report
File:Win2K Defrag4.png|Analysis display on main page
File:Win2K Defrag5.png|Defragmenting status on main page
File:Win2K Defrag6.png|Defragmentation report
</gallery>

===Windows XP===
<gallery>
File:WinXP Defrag1.png|Main page
File:WinXP Defrag2.png|Analysis result
File:WinXP Defrag3.png|Analysis report
File:WinXP Defrag4.png|Disk usage before defragmentation
File:WinXP Defrag5.png|Defragmenting
File:WinXP Defrag6.png|Defragmentation report
</gallery>

===Windows Vista===

==== [[Windows Vista build 6000.16386|RTM]] ====
<gallery>
File:VistaRTM Defrag.png|Main page
File:VistaRTM Defragmenting.png|Defragmenting status
</gallery>

==== [[Windows Vista build 6001.18000|Service Pack 1]] ====
<gallery>
File:VistaSP1 Defrag.png|Main page
File:VistaSP1 DefragSelection.png|Drive selection
</gallery>

===Windows 7===
<gallery>
File:Win7 Defrag.png|Main page
File:Win7 Defrag2.png|Analysis status on main page
File:Win7 Defrag3.png|Defragmenting status on main page
File:Win7 Defrag4.png|Schedule settings
</gallery>

===Windows 8===
<gallery>
File:Win8 Defrag1.png|Main page
File:Win8 Defrag2.png|Schedule settings
</gallery>

===Windows 10===
<gallery>
File:Win10RTM Defrag.png|Main page in [[Windows 10 build 10240 (th1)|build 10240]]
File:20241 Defrag.png|Main page in [[Windows 10 build 20241.1000|''Iron'' build 20241.1000]], with additional information, drives, and the broken Advanced View feature
File:20270 Defrag1.png|Main page with Advanced View disabled in [[Windows 10 build 20270|''Iron'' build 20270]]
File:20270 Defrag2.png|Main page with Advanced View enabled in [[Windows 10 build 20270|''Iron'' build 20270]]
</gallery>

===Windows 11===
<gallery>
File:Windows11-DriveOptimizer2.png|Schedule settings
</gallery>

[[Category:Windows components]]
[[Category:Applications]]