86-DOS：修订间差异

|developer = Seattle Computer Products / Tim Paterson

|source model = 闭源

|initial release version = [[QDOS 0.10|86-DOS 0.10]]

|initial release date = July 25, 1980

|latest release date = 11 December 1981

|kernel type = 一体化软件

|user interface = 命令行界面

|license = 专有

西雅图计算机产品公司 (Seattle Computer Products) 创建并出售了首批 8086 计算机套件之一，但由于缺乏为其编写的软件，其销量微乎其微。<ref name="softalk" /> CP/M-86 预计将成为第一个进入 8086 软件世界的项目，自 1979 年 12 月以来一直被推迟，<ref name="design">Paterson, Tim (30 September 2007). ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20130120075653/http://dosmandrivel.blogspot.com/2007/09/design-of-dos.html Design of DOS]''. DosMan Drivel.</ref><ref name="1986en">Bornstein, Howard (1986). ''MS-DOS (Versions 1.0-3.2) Technical Reference Encyclopedia''. Microsoft Press. p. 8. ISBN 0-914845-69-1.</ref> 到 1980 年 2 月，他们感受到了为自己的设备提供产品的压力。

员工 Tim Paterson 于 1980 年之前曾在 Seattle Computer Products 从事过硬件工作，在大学期间只从事过一些软件工作，<ref name="video">Paterson, Tim (4 August 2018). ''[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R2Qh0O3Dt10 VCF West XIII -- Tim Paterson -- Original DOS and the old days]''. Vintage Computer Federation.</ref> 在他在公司 8086 董事会工作期间产生了创建自己的操作系统的想法。<ref name="1986en" /> 1980 年 2 月 6 日左右，帕特森与西雅图计算机产品公司的所有者罗德·布洛克 (Rod Brock) 举行了一次董事会会议，后者批准了他的想法。<ref name=":0">United States District Court for the Western District of Washington (18 January 2007). ''[https://elapidae.io/stash/More/Seattle%20Computer%20Products%20and%2086-DOS/Miscalleanous,%20General%20SCP/Paterson%20v.%20Little,%20Brown%20Co.,%20502%20F.%20Supp.%202d%201124%20(W.D.%20Wash.%202007)./Document%2014%20(Exhibit%20A).pdf Paterson v. Little, Brown, and Co., et al. - Deposition Upon Oral Examination of Tim Paterson]''. Case 2:05-cv-01719-TSZ Document 14-2.</ref> 操作系统的主要目标之一是与 CP/M 的翻译兼容性，<ref name="gates">Manes, Stephen; Andrews, Paul (1993). ''Gates: How Microsoft's Mogul Reinvented an Industry—and Made Himself the Richest Man in America''. Doubleday. p. 280-281. ISBN 0-385-42075-7.</ref><ref>Välimäki, Mikko (2005). ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20061220204707/http://www.turre.com:80/pub/openbook_valimaki.pdf The Rise of Open Source Licensing]''. Turre. p. 88. ISBN 952-91-8779-3.</ref> 因此大多数内部功能都是根据 CP/M-80 手册重新实现的。<ref>Cringely, Robert (June 1996). ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20210312213901/http://www.pbs.org/nerds/part2.html Triumph of the Nerds: The Rise of Accidental Empires (Season 1)]''. PBS.</ref> 另一个目标是一个更高效的文件系统，根据他对未完成的 8 位操作系统的记忆重新实现，称为 Microsoft Interrupt Driven Asynchronous System (MIDAS,<ref name="gates" /> 或 MDOS<ref name="encyclopedia">Duncan, Ray (1988). ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20210730133413/https://www.pcjs.org/documents/books/mspl13/msdos/encyclopedia/ The MS-DOS Encyclopedia]''. Microsoft Press. ISBN 1-55615-049-0.</ref> 1980 年之前{{efn|更名的确切日期尚不清楚，但[https://web.archive.org/web/20150206124113/http://vekinis.com/image1.jpg 1979年] 和 [https://web.archive.org/web/20150206122443/http://vekinis.com/image4.jpg 1980年] 的用户手册草稿给出了大概的日期。}})，编写作者是 Marc McDonald，<ref name="gates" /><ref name="encyclopedia" /> 这是他在 1979 年全国计算机会议期间了解到的。<ref name="video" />{{efn|MIDAS 文件系统的实现在两个方面失败了。 首先，FAT 和相应目录扇区的写入顺序被翻转（因此 FAT 是第二个写入），从而允许创建“孤立”文件。 其次，帕特森忘记实现一个停止器，指示何时磁道中没有更多目录条目，从而在仅需要读取少量扇区时导致速度显着减慢。<ref>Personal communication to Marc McDonald, February 12, 2022.</ref>}} 进一步的灵感来自 North Star 和 Cromemco 的 CP/M-80 变体、<ref name="design" /> UCSD p-System, Unix、<ref name="video" /> CDC SCOPE、Cromemco RDOS，和IMSAI 8080独立系统。<ref name=":0" />

开发正式开始于 1980 年 4 月，<ref name="softalk">Hunter, David (March 1983). ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20190906120449/http://www.patersontech.com/dos/softalk.aspx The Roots of DOS: Tim Paterson]''. Softalk for the IBM Personal Computer. p. 12-15.</ref>{{efn|在 2 月份的董事会会议之后，Paterson 抢先更新了他在 1979 年编写的 8086 监视器 (MON-86)，添加了“trace”命令。<ref>Paterson, Tim (February 18, 1980). ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20191105065507/http://patersontech.com/dos/docs/Mon_86_1.4a.pdf 8086 Monitor Version 1.4A Instruction Manual]''. PatersonTech.</ref>}} with code written in ''MicroPro WordMaster''<ref name="video" /><ref name="softnews">Glatzer, Hal (March 1984). ''[https://archive.org/details/sim_software-magazine_1984-03_4_3/page/n47/mode/2up?view=theater Reflections on Past and Future With the Man From MS-DOS]''. Software News. p. 44 & 46.</ref> on on a Cromemco Z80 computer<ref name="softnews" /><ref>Watt, Peggy (7 April 1986). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=WwgoLLivAL0C&pg=PA54#v=onepage&q&f=false MS-DOS creator Tim Paterson earns place in industry annals]''. Computerworld. p. 54.</ref> running CDOS.<ref name="video" /> While some code was written in pure 8086 assembly, most was written in the more familiar Z80 assembly and then translated using Paterson's Z80 to 8086 translator, ''TRANS-86'',<ref name="video" /><ref name="bytepointer">''[https://web.archive.org/web/20210815055928/http://bytepointer.com/masm/index.htm Microsoft Macro Assembler (MASM) Unofficial Changelist]''. BytePointer.</ref> for testing on the Seattle Computer Products 8086 system.<ref>Paterson, Tim (24 November 2007). ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20210812175948/https://dosmandrivel.blogspot.com/2007/11/first-dos-machine.html The First DOS Machine]''. DosMan Drivel.</ref> The operating system was in a workable state by late July, with Paterson spending about half of his time on its development.<ref name="softalk" /><ref>Rojas, Raúl (April 2001). ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20191225163552/http://patersontech.com/dos/encyclopedia.aspx Encyclopedia of Computers and Computer History (A-L)]''. Fitzroy Dearborn. ISBN 1-57958-235-4.</ref> Though it wasn't completely finished, Paterson figured a quick release was more important than adding all the features.<ref>Watt, Peggy (12 August 1991). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=lFAEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA48#v=onepage&q&f=false PC-DOS, also 10, has its own storied past]''. Infoworld. p. 48.</ref>

*[[MS-DOS]]

*[[IBM PC-DOS]]

*[[DR-DOS]]

*[[CP/M]]

==注释==