查看“Windows 中的功能锁定”的源代码

Microsoft 曾多次使用各种机制在 [[Microsoft Windows 通述|Microsoft Windows]] 的预发布版本正式推出新功能之前将其隐藏起来。

== Windows 7 ==
[[Windows 7]] 的开发标志着第一次有意识地引入集中工作来隐藏新功能。围绕 [[Windows 7 Build 6608.1.winmain_win7m2.080511-1400|Build 6608]] 引入了两种单独的机制：
* '''Redpill'''，是一系列注册表检查，通常存在于实现隐藏功能的可执行文件中。用于启用 [[任务栏#超级任务栏（Superbar）|Superbar]]、桌面幻灯片、[[“开始”菜单]]固定、跳转列表、[[Internet Explorer 8]] 增强功能、Aero Peek 和 Aero Shake。
* '''Bluepill'''，在应用程序兼容性引擎中实现。它仍然会导致注册表检查，尽管是间接的。用于启用新版本的[[计算器]]、[[画图]]、[[便笺]]和[[写字板]]。

[[Windows 7 Build 7022.0.winmain.090115-1850|Build 7022]] 是已知的最后一个包含 Redpill 和 Bluepill 的版本。

== Windows 8 ==
在 [[Windows 8]] 的开发过程中引入了一种更复杂的功能锁定系统，称为 Redpill 或 SuperPill，它现在利用了许可子系统以及基本系统中未包含的组件。隐藏在 Redpill 后面的值得注意的功能包括开始屏幕、重新设计的登录 UI、新的 OOBE、资源管理器中的功能区、新的 Aero 资源和模式登录（后来成为图片密码登录）。然而，虽然大多数隐藏功能都使用 Redpill 锁定，但在某些区域，简单的注册表检查仍然是首选方法。

产品策略（通常用于确定特定版本可以做什么或不能做什么的一组值）现在也用于控制 shell 功能。这使得克服保护变得更加困难，因为大多数许可数据主要在内核级别进行签名和处理。将 Redpill 策略传送到现有安装中的预期方法（全新安装不附带它们）是使用参数 <code>configextension=rpp</code> 针对内部 <code>win8act</code> 服务器进行激活。手动解锁功能意味着需要牺牲部分许可功能。除了产品策略来源的值外，Redpill 隐藏的相当大块行为还依赖于一个名为 <code>shsxs.dll</code> 的外部库，此库不包含在基本 Windows 安装中，仅在激活 Redpill 时复制。此库包含大量图像和 DirectUI 标记资产，以及用于初始化 Metro 各个部分的少量函数，例如超级按钮栏（Charms bar）、“开始”屏幕搜索和 PC 设置应用。

从 Milestone 1 到 Developer Preview 之后不久（目前为 [[Windows 8 Build 7779.0.fbl_grfx_dev1.100713-1700|7779]] 到 [[Windows 8 Build 8118.0.fbl_core2_sfs.110921-1900|8118]]）的几乎所有版本都实施了 Redpill。豁免是来自 <code>fbl_eeap</code> 和 <code>winmain_win8m3_eeap</code> 分支的版本，例如 [[Windows 8 Build 8064.0.fbl_eeap.110806-1000|Build 8064]]，它们没有实施任何形式的 Redpill，因为在编译时从操作系统中删除了 Metro 用户界面组件的所有痕迹。这些版本通过生态系统工程访问计划（EEAP）发布给 Microsoft 合作伙伴。唯一开箱即用解锁 Redpill 的可用版本是 Build 8102，即原始 Developer Preview。由于此机制的复杂性，以前在其他版本上解锁 Redpill 的一种广泛方法是使用 [[Windows 8 Build 8102|Build 8102]] 中修改后的一组组件，尽管这种方法的可靠性随着早期版本的增加而降低。直到引入 [[Redlock]] 并从头开始重新实现自定义版本的 <code>shsxs.dll</code> 后，Redpill 才能在 [[Windows 8 Build 7927|Build 7927]] 之前的版本中解锁。

=== 解锁程序 ===
已经开发了几个工具来启用 Redpill 隐藏的功能：
* '''[[RedPill Enabler]]'''（也称为 '''MDL Redpill Enabler'''，以其首次发布的论坛命名）是首批旨在启用受 Redpill 限制的功能的公共应用程序之一。它由 My Digital Life 论坛成员 Vizion 开发，并于 2011 年 6 月 17 日首次发布。
* '''[[Metro Unlocker]]''' 由 YouTuber 兼开发者 MetroFetro 开发。它是第一个允许启用所有受限功能（包括“开始”屏幕）的公共应用程序，并且从 2016 年的初始版本到 2020 年 Redlock 的发布，它仍然是唯一能够执行此类任务的应用程序。
* '''[[Redlock]]''' 由 lucasm 和 gus33000 开发，他们是两位 BetaWiki 成员和软件开发者。初始版本于 2020 年 1 月 29 日发布。此工具旨在尽可能接近地复制 Microsoft 的原始 Redpill 实现。

== Windows 10 and later ==
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Windows versions since the [[Windows 10 Anniversary Update]] utilize a simplified feature locking mechanism which make use of numeric strings internally referred to as Velocity staging keys. These values are controlled by dynamic link library <code>fcon.dll</code> (''Feature Configuration'') found within the <code>Windows\System32</code> directory, responsible for managing feature enablements in the <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\FeatureManagement</code> key (and related subkeys, such as <code>Overrides</code> and <code>EnterpriseTempControls</code>). Features can also be restored from their previous state through the use of a Last Known Good store (found in <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\FeatureManagement\LastKnownGood</code>) if the library detects problems with the existing overrides. Built-in feature overrides were introduced from as early as [[Windows 11 build 22606]].

The availability of certain features may depend on the current state of an associated staging key. In most cases, feature states can be modified if the priority data returns 8 (<code>User</code>). In certain cases, a feature may be either forcibly enabled or disabled in code if its priority returns <code>ImageDefault</code>. This type of feature lockout also introduces a data type called "variants", which ship multiple treatments for the same staging key. Treatments may vary between devices and installations.

Currently, most features introduced in newer Windows releases employ this method for concealing and/or testing features that are not ready for widespread release to a scoped set of users. The first known feature to use this new feature lockout mechanism is Sets, which was first introduced in [[Windows 10 build 17618]] with staging keys <code>13849566</code> and <code>10727725</code>. Traditional feature enablement checks via the Windows registry remain as a perennial choice for certain aspects of the operating system.

=== Tools ===
There are four available tools that offer the ability to manage the states of Velocity staging keys:

* [https://github.com/thebookisclosed/ViVe/releases '''ViVeTool'''] - Developed by Albacore, recommended for enabling features in later builds of Windows 10 and 11.
* [https://github.com/riverar/mach2 '''mach2'''] - Developed by Rafael Rivera, used to enable features from older Windows 10 builds like [[Windows 10 build 17618|build 17618]]'s Sets and [[Windows 10 build 18946|18946]]'s new start menu. Discontinued since December 2020.
* "'''Experimental features'''" drop-down menu in [[Settings]] (Windows Update > Windows Insider Program); Velocity staging key <code>40062046</code> - Included as part of internal Windows builds (e.g.: [[Windows 11 build 25267 (rs_wdatp_edr)|build 25267 (rs_wdatp_edr)]]). It is one of two official methods used internally by Microsoft employees to enable various staging keys, such as security fixes from the Microsoft Security Response Center (MSRC), non-public shell features and bugfixes or improvements for internal Windows functionalities (such as the DirectX graphics stack). It may not list features that are currently unfinished.
*'''Staging Tool''' (<code>StagingTool.exe</code>, version <code>10.0.25910.1000</code>): This is another official internal tool used by Microsoft employees to manage and configure the states of Velocity staging keys through the use of a command line-based user experience, unintentionally distributed in two internal Feedback Hub quests that were made public on 2 August 2023. The link was later taken down, although archived versions of the tool exist online.

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{{:Document:StagingTool help command output}}
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== Gallery ==
<gallery>
Windows11-10.0.25267.1001-Settings-ExperimentalFeatures.png|[[Windows Insider Program]] page with Experimental Features dropdown enabled, in [[Windows 11 build 25267 (rs_wdatp_edr)]]
</gallery>

[[Category:Microsoft Windows]]