查看“任务栏”的源代码

{{Infobox Windows component
|name = 任务栏
|introduced in = [[Windows 95]]
|screenshot = Windows11-10.0.26100.712-Desktop.png
|caption = [[Windows 11 Build 26100.712.ge_release_svc_prod3.240515-1758|Windows 11 Build 26100.712]] 在浅色模式下显示任务栏
|type = 用户界面
}}
任务栏是 [[Microsoft Windows 通述|Microsoft Windows]] 和其他操作系统中使用的用户界面元素，允许用户在不同的任务和窗口之间快速切换，并提供对核心系统功能的轻松访问。在Windows中，任务栏包括用于访问[[“开始”菜单]]的“开始”按钮和带有时钟的通知区域，应用可以使用此时钟来报告其状态。

其他操作系统和桌面环境，例如 [[macOS 通述|macOS]]、KDE Plasma 或 MATE，也包括任务栏概念的实现。

== 历史 ==
[[文件:CairoConcept.png|thumb|Cairo 用户界面概念]]
在 [[Windows 95]] 中引入任务栏之前，最小化的窗口由桌面上的图标表示。在 [[Windows 1.0]] 中，所有打开的窗口都会平铺屏幕，而最小化（图标化）的窗口在屏幕下部显示为图标。如果打开的窗口数超过该区域所能容纳的窗口数，则图标区域的高度也会扩大，从而确保所有窗口始终可访问，除非单个窗口被最大化（缩放）。在 [[Windows 2.x|Windows 2.0]] 中引入重叠窗口意味着窗口（包括最小化的窗口图标）现在可以被任何其他窗口覆盖，后来发现这会导致许多用户最终失去对打开的应用程序的跟踪，只是启动了另一个实例，最终耗尽了可用内存。日益普及的 [[Windows 3.0]] 和 [[Windows 3.1]]，都没有解决这方面的可用性问题，这导致 Microsoft 寻求解决方案。

起初，[[Microsoft Codename Cairo|Cairo]] 项目试图通过调整最小化窗口的外观来解决这个问题，因为开发人员认为主要问题是用户难以区分最小化窗口图标和其他类型的图标。因此，该团队想出了带有窗口图标和标题的宽板。该项目提出的新用户界面还包括一个所谓的系统托盘，它可以停靠在屏幕的任何一侧或作为窗口浮动。托盘的一侧包括三个名为 System（系统）、Find（查找）和 Help（帮助）的按钮，它们提供了对基本系统功能的简单访问，而其余区域则被文件夹视图占据，此视图用作剪贴板，供用户放置他们正在移动或复制的文件，还包括一个用于删除文件的废纸篓文件夹。

Cairo 用户界面后来被 Chicago 项目采用并包含在早期版本中，例如 [[Windows 95 Build 58s|Build 58s]]，但是，在可用性测试期间，它的性能几乎与 Windows 3.1 一样糟糕。该团队还并行开发了一个名为 ClearView 的单独用户界面概念，旨在为初学者用户创建一个替代 shell。ClearView 使用全屏选项卡式界面来启动程序、访问最近打开的文档以及在窗口之间切换。屏幕顶部的选项卡栏最终成为现代任务栏，带有“开始”按钮和代表每个窗口的按钮，并最终与 Cairo 用户界面的其他部分相结合，成为现代 Windows shell。

<gallery>
Win95Build58s_Demo.png|使用 Cairo 用户界面的 [[Windows 95 Build 58s|Build 58s]]
ClearView-May93.png|1993 年 5 月推出的 ClearView 概念
ClearView-August93.png|1993 年 8 月推出的 ClearView 概念
20171217_102943.png|[[Windows 95 Build 73g|Build 73g]] 显示新实现的任务栏
Win95Build90c.png|[[Windows 95 Build 90c|Build 90c]] 使用单个“开始”按钮
</gallery>

===Windows Desktop Update===
The taskbar was further refined with the Windows Desktop Update, which was included with [[Internet Explorer 4]] as well as the succeeding versions of Windows. The ability to use custom toolbars (internally called deskbands) was added, which could be added to the taskbar but could also be docked on different sides of the desktop. Third party applications could also install their own toolbars. Built-in toolbars included a folder toolbar showing the items of a specified folder, which was used for the Quick Launch Bar, as well as the Address and Language Bar toolbars. The taskbar could now also be resized by dragging its outer edge.

For two brief periods during the development of [[Windows 98]] and [[Windows 2000]], a Show Desktop button was also added to the right corner, behind the clock. It was later removed in favor of a shortcut in the Quick Launch Bar with the same functionality, however, the feature remained in [[Windows CE]] and was later reintroduced in [[Windows 7]].

Balloon notifications were introduced in [[Windows 2000]] and [[Windows Me]], which could be shown by application that showed an icon in the notification area. [[Windows XP]] added support for grouping taskbar buttons by applications when the taskbar was full. The taskbar could now also be skinned with the introduction of [[visual style|visual styles]].

<gallery>
File:Windows98-4.1.1415-Desktop.png|[[Windows 98 build 1415]] with the Show Desktop button
File:Windows-98-4.10.1998-Desktop.png|[[Windows 98 build 1998]]
File:2419_Chartreuse_Mongoose_demo.png|[[Windows XP build 2419 (idx02.010113-1154)|Windows XP build 2419]] showing the skinned taskbar
</gallery>

===Longhorn===
Similar to other parts of the shell, the taskbar was also affected by the user interface work during the [[Windows Vista|Longhorn]] project. As early as [[Windows Longhorn build 3706|build 3706]], it was rewritten using the Avalon framework. The integration allowed parts of the taskbar such as the clock, notification area and the Quick Launch Bar to be moved to the sidebar, freeing up space for the taskbar buttons. At one point, the taskbar and sidebar could be combined into a single large bar docked to a side of the screen. Between milestones 3 and 5, taskbar buttons were centered as opposed to left-aligned, an arrangement which would not return until [[Windows 11]].

After the development reset, the team reverted to the original Windows XP taskbar with minor improvements. The Start button was changed to the Windows orb, which was taller than the rest of the taskbar. Furthermore, when the [[Windows Aero]] theme was enabled, the taskbar was translucent and hovering over taskbar buttons showed window previews.

<gallery>
File:WindowsLonghorn-6.0.3706-Sidebar.png|[[Windows Longhorn build 3706|Build 3706]] showing combined taskbar and sidebar
File:WindowsLonghorn-6.0.4020m5-WinFS.png|[[Windows Longhorn build 4020|Build 4020]] showing centered taskbar buttons
File:Longhorn build 4074 Jade with Aero UI.png|[[Windows Longhorn build 4074|Build 4074]] with the Aero UI enabled
File:WindowsVista-6.0.5112-Desktop.png|[[Windows Vista build 5112|Build 5112]]
File:WindowsVista-RTM-DesktopAero.png|Final version
</gallery>

===Superbar===
[[Windows 7]] introduced an improved taskbar, commonly called the Superbar, which allowed users to pin applications directly to the taskbar, replacing the Quick Launch bar. Pinned applications were shown among other open applications and are only differentiated visually. Opening a pinned application shows its associated taskbar buttons in the same spot as the pinned icon, similarly to the Dock in [[macOS]]. Taskbar buttons can now also be shuffled around in the taskbar. A button to show the desktop has also been added to the bottom/right corner of the taskbar, hovering over which can optionally show the desktop temporarily along with transparent outlines of all open windows as a part of the Aero Peek feature.

Right-clicking a taskbar icon now shows a jump list, a menu which can be customized by each application to show commonly used tasks or recently open files. New customization options have also been added, which allow the user to restore the taskbar behavior and appearance from prior versions. By default, the taskbar uses large icons with no text which are always grouped per application, however, a small icons mode can be enabled. Options to show window titles and to group buttons only when the taskbar is full or not group at all are also available.

The Start button was removed from the taskbar in [[Windows 8]], as the [[Start menu|Start screen]] was now accessible by hovering over the bottom-left corner of the screen and clicking when a Start screen tile shows up. Right-clicking the popup shows the new Quick Link menu with links to several system utilities. Early builds also included a user tile on the taskbar in the bottom right corner, with options such as changing the account, logging off or switching the user, although the functionality was later moved to the top right corner of the Start screen. The removal of the Start button was promptly reverted in [[Windows 8.1]] to address negative feedback caused by the change.

[[Windows 10]] introduced new buttons to the taskbar for the first time since Windows 95, by adding the Cortana/Search and Task View buttons next to the Start button, the former of which could optionally be extended into a search bar. The Action Center was also introduced, which could be accessed initially from an icon in the notification area and later from a separate button next to the clock. In [[Windows 10 May 2019 Update]], the Cortana/Search button was split up into a Cortana and a Search button. 
Later updates also added My People and [[News and interests]] to the taskbar, as well as a light mode.

<gallery>
File:Windows7-6.1.6469-Superbar.png|An early iteration of the Superbar in [[Windows 7 build 6469]]
File:Windows7-6.1.6730-DemoNew.png|Later revision of the Superbar in [[Windows 7 build 6730]]
File:Windows7-RTM-DesktopAero.png|Superbar in the final version of [[Windows 7]]
File:Windows8-6.2.7989-Desktop.png|User tile in [[Windows 8 build 7989]]
File:Windows8-RTM-Desktop.png|[[Windows 8]] showing the taskbar without the Start button
File:Windows81-RTM-Desktop.png|[[Windows 8.1]]
File:Windows10-10.0.10240-Desktop.png|[[Windows 10 (original release)|Windows 10]] showing new buttons on the taskbar
File:Win10-18282-1.png|[[Windows 10 build 18282 (rs_prerelease)|Windows 10 build 18282]] showing the taskbar in light mode
</gallery>

===Windows 11===
The taskbar was rewritten in [[Windows 11]] using WinUI and XAML Islands, together with other parts of the shell. The new taskbar is animated and considerably more colorful than in Windows 10. New buttons for accessing Widgets and Chat have been added, while hovering the Task View or Search buttons shows recent searches or virtual desktops, respectively.

Taskbar buttons are now centered by default, although they can be changed to left alignment in Settings. Flyouts for network, sound and power have now been combined into a single Quick Settings flyout, while the calendar flyout and Action Center have been merged into the Notification Center accessible by clicking the clock, which now shows the number of notifications, or if enabled, the Focus Assist/Do Not Disturb symbol.

The new taskbar no longer has the ability to display window titles along with icons, nor to group taskbar button (other than on per-application basis). The setting to change icon size has been removed from the [[Settings]] app, but the taskbar still supports small icons mode, as well as a new large icons mode, which is larger than the default size. The right-click menu on the taskbar has been reduced to a single item that opens the taskbar settings, although a [[Task Manager]] link has been readded upon negative feedback. Support for custom toolbars has been removed altogether. [[Windows 11 build 23466.1001]] eventually brought back the ability to ungroup icons on the taskbar.

<gallery>
File:Windows11-22000.51-NotificationCenter.png|[[Windows 11 build 22000.51]] showing the Notification Center
File:Windows11-22000.51-QuickSettings.png|[[Windows 11 build 22000.51]] showing the Quick Settings flyout
</gallery>

[[分类:在 Windows 95 中推出]][[分类:组件与应用]]