查看““开始”菜单”的源代码

{{Infobox Windows component
|name = “开始”菜单
|other names = “开始”屏幕、“开始”页、“开始”面板
|introduced in = [[Windows 95]]
|screenshot = Windows11-10.0.26100.1000-Start.png
|caption = [[Windows 11 v24H2|Windows 11 2024 更新]]中的“开始”菜单
|replaces = [[程序管理器]]
}}
“开始”菜单是 [[Microsoft Windows 通述|Microsoft Windows]] 和其他操作系统中使用的用户界面元素，它为访问基本操作系统功能（如电源选项和设置）以及启动程序和查看最近打开的文件提供了一个中心点。

== 历史 ==
在引入“开始”菜单之前，[[程序管理器]]使用 MDI 窗口提供类似的功能。[[Windows 3.1]] 窗口管理的特殊性意味着程序管理器窗口经常会丢失在其他窗口后面，需要用户最小化多个窗口才能启动应用程序。该程序本身也受到其相当复杂的界面的影响，一些常见任务（例如退出 Windows）隐藏在名称令人困惑的菜单中。

Microsoft 旨在通过一个新的桌面隐喻用户界面来解决这个问题，此用户界面最初计划在 [[Microsoft Codename Cairo|Cairo]] 进行，后来移植到 [[Windows 95|Chicago]]。1993 年测试的初始设计包括一个带有 System（系统）、Find（查找）和 Help（帮助）按钮的托盘；每个 Menu（菜单）都公开了基本操作系统功能的一部分。可以通过浏览桌面上的“程序”目录来启动应用程序，这类似于 [[Windows 3.1]] 体验。在接下来的几个月里，此设计进一步发展，产生了一个菜单，此菜单将三个菜单和程序文件夹组合成一个界面，此界面可通过使用任务栏上的“开始”按钮进行访问。

=== 经典“开始”菜单 ===
在 [[Windows 95]] 中引入的经典“开始”菜单是一个单列菜单，其中包含电源选项，以及帮助、设置、文档和已安装应用程序的快捷方式。还可以通过在 Start Menu 目录中创建快捷方式来在菜单顶部添加自定义项目。默认情况下，主菜单使用 32×32 图标，并在左侧显示操作系统品牌横幅。但是，它也可以切换到小图标模式，此模式使用 16×16 图标且不显示任何横幅。

尽管在 [[Windows XP]] 中引入了新的“开始”菜单设计，但经典的“开始”菜单仍作为一个选项保留到 [[Windows Vista]]。

=== “开始”面板 ===
“开始”菜单在 [[Windows XP]] 中进行了重新设计，使用双列设计，最初称为“开始”面板。左窗格包括指向用户经常使用和固定的程序的链接，以及计算机的默认 Internet 和电子邮件程序的快捷方式。其他程序可以通过菜单底部的“所有程序”选项访问。右侧窗格包含指向用户文件夹、最近使用的文档以及网络位置和设置的快速链接。此菜单还包括一个指向帐户设置和电源选项的链接。

Windows XP 菜单基于称为“开始”页面的早期设计，此页面以全屏显示并具有更多列，尽管它在原则上仍然与后来介绍的较小面板非常相似。此页面起源于 [[Windows Codename Neptune|Neptune]] 和 [[Windows Me|Millennium]] 的开发期间，在那里它被实现为适合 Activity Center（活动中心）用户体验的HTML应用程序。但是，在 Neptune 和 Activity Center 取消后，此功能仍在开发中，[[Windows XP Build 2250.1.main.000628-2110|Build 2250]] 包含它的不完整版本，而 [[Windows XP Build 2410.1.main.001208-1937|Build 2410]] 则包括使用 DirectUI 重写的较新实现。

此菜单在 [[Windows Vista]] 中进行了重新设计，以适应 [[Windows Aero|Aero]] 用户体验。值得注意的是，所有程序选项现在是一个内联可滚动菜单，它取代了左侧窗格，而不是常规的下拉菜单。菜单底部还添加了一个搜索框，允许用户打开“开始”菜单并立即搜索程序，以及文件和系统选项。在 [[Windows 7]] 中，菜单再次更新，引入了跳转列表，可以通过为初始页面上的程序显示的向右箭头来访问该列表。

=== Start screen ===
[[Windows 8]] relocated the traditional Start button to the Charms bar and introduced the DirectUI-based Start screen, which used a Live Tile interface similar to [[Windows Phone]]. It completely removed the links to common folders, as well as the user's recent documents and frequent applications. The background and accent color for the Start screen could now be customized, and tiles could be organized into groups which could be named. [[Windows 8.1 build 9600.17031|Windows 8.1 Update 1]] later improved the Start screen by adding Search and Power buttons to the top-right corner and added a context menu when right-clicking on tiles.

Because of [[Redpill]], early builds of Windows 8 had their Metro components disabled by default, including the Start screen. The only known Windows 8 build to be distributed with the Start screen enabled out-of-the-box is the [[Windows 8 build 8102.101|Windows 8 Developer Preview]], which comes with Redpill pre-enabled. [[Windows 8 build 8128]] is the first known build to integrate Redpill to the OS and thus remove the ability to disable the Start screen.

=== Windows 10 Start menu ===
[[Windows 10]] re-introduced the Start menu as an XAML-based taskbar flyout. [[Windows 10 build 9780|Build 9780]] had a start menu which has parts from the [[Windows 8.1]] start screen and the Windows 7 Start menu. [[Windows 10 build 9879|Build 9879]] introduced a different start menu. The left side of this new menu included links to frequently-used applications, as well as user folders. The right side featured a similar tile design to the Start screen, however the menu could be put into full-screen mode, resulting in an experience similar to the previous Start screen. In [[Windows 10 Anniversary Update]], the left column was updated to now include a list of all apps, as well as a list of user folders in a hamburger menu. [[Windows 10 build 17004]] slightly updated the apps section of the menu to use Fluent Design hover effects. [[Windows 10 build 20161]] updated the tiles and app icons so that they no longer have an accent color behind them.

=== Windows 10X and Windows 11 ===
[[Windows 10X]] introduced a centered Start menu design that removed the Live Tile functionality while also introducing a search bar and a recent items list, in addition to overhauling the installed applications list. 

After the cancellation of Windows 10X, much of its functionality was moved over to [[Windows 11]], including a start menu similar to the one seen in 10X build [[Windows 10X build 19563|19563]] and above, albeit with a missing search bar. The search bar was later re-added in [[Windows 11 build 22000.65|build 22000.65]] ([[Windows 11 build 22000.51|22000.51]] also has it, but it is disabled by default).

[[Windows 11 build 22509|Build 22509]] provided the ability to modify the Start menu layout with more pinned items or recommendations by increasing the size of each area of the Start menu. This was expanded upon in [[Windows 11 build 22610|build 22610]], which added a group policy to completely disable the recommended section. 

[[Windows 11 build 22557|Build 22557]] added the ability to create app folders in the pinned apps area by dragging an app on top of another. The renaming feature for app folders was later implemented in [[Windows 11 build 22579|build 22579]].

== 图库 ==
=== “开始”菜单 ===
<gallery>
Win95-Start.png|[[Windows 95]] 中的“开始”菜单
</gallery>

=== “开始”页 ===
<gallery>
Windows-Neptune-5.50.5111.1-ACStartPage.png|[[Windows Codename Neptune Build 5111.1]] 中的“开始”页
WindowsXPbuild2250CompletedStartPage.png|[[Windows XP Build 2250.1.main.000628-2110|Windows XP Build 2250]] 中的“开始”页
2410-StartPage.png|[[Windows XP Build 2410.1.main.001208-1937|Windows XP Build 2410]] 中的“开始”页
</gallery>

=== “开始”面板 ===
<gallery>
2250start.png|[[Windows XP Build 2250.1.main.000628-2110|Windows XP Build 2250]] 中的“开始”面板
WindowsXP-5.1.2257-PersonalStartMenu.png|[[Windows XP Build 2257.1.idx01.000810-2103|Windows XP Build 2257]] 中的“开始”面板
WindowsXP-5.1.2415-Luna.jpg|[[Windows XP Build 2415.1.lab06_N.010102-1932|Windows XP Build 2415（Lab06_N）]]中的“开始”面板
WindowsXP-5.1.2419-StartMenu.png|[[Windows XP Build 2419.1.idx02.010113-1154|Windows XP Build 2419]] 中的“开始”面板
WindowsXP-5.1.2600rtm-blstartmenu.png|[[Windows XP]] 中的“开始”面板
5112-Start.png|[[Windows Vista Build 5112.0.winmain_beta1.050720-1600|Windows Vista Build 5112]] 中的“开始”面板
WindowsVista-StartPanel.png|[[Windows Vista Build 6002.18005.lh_sp2rtm.090410-1830|Windows Vista SP2]] 中的“开始”面板
Start menu7.png|[[Windows 7]] 中的“开始”面板
</gallery>

=== “开始”屏幕 ===
<gallery>
7814-startscreen.png|[[Windows 8 Build 7814.0.fbl_core1_kernel_ee.100907-1700|Windows 8 Build 7814]] 中的“开始”屏幕
7927start.png|[[Windows 8 Build 7927.0.fbl_srv_wdacxml.110214-1930|Windows 8 Build 7927]] 中的“开始”屏幕
8008-Start.png|[[Windows 8 Build 8008.0.fbl_dnt3_wireless.110518-1900|Windows 8 Build 8008]] 中的“开始”屏幕
8102start.png|[[Windows 8 Build 8102.101.winmain_win8m3.110830-1739|Windows 8 Build 8102.101]] 中的“开始”屏幕
Windows_8_Start_Screen.png|[[Windows 8]] 中的“开始”屏幕
Windows8point1RTMStartScreen.png|[[Windows 8.1]] RTM 中的“开始”屏幕
</gallery>

===Windows 10===
<gallery>
Windows10-6.3.9780pretp-StartMenu.png|[[Windows 10 Build 9780.0.fbl_partner_eeap.140622-0937|Windows 10 Build 9780]] 中的 DirectUI“开始”菜单
9879-XAMLStart.png|[[Windows 10 Build Windows 10 Build 9879.0.fbl_release.141103-1722|Windows 10 Build 9879]] 中的 XAML“开始”菜单
Windows1099093.png|[[Windows 10 Build 9909.0.fbl_awesome1501.141213-2119|Windows 10 Build 9909]] 中的“开始”菜单
Windows10-10.0.10240-StartMenu.png|[[Windows 10 v1507|Windows 10（原始版本）]]中的“开始”菜单
Win10-14993StartMenu.png|[[Windows 10 Build 14993.1000.rs_prerelease.161211-1700|Windows 10 Build 14993]] 中的“开始”菜单
20161 StartLight.png|[[Windows 10 Build 20161.1000.rs_prerelease.200627-1754|Windows 10 Build 20161]] 中的“开始”菜单（浅色模式）
20161 StartDark.png|[[Windows 10 Build 20161.1000.rs_prerelease.200627-1754|Windows 10 Build 20161]] 中的“开始”菜单（深色模式）  
</gallery>

=== Windows 10X 和 Windows 11===
<gallery>
18946-start.png|[[Windows 10 Build 18946.1000.rs_xbox_dev.190723-1700|Windows 10 Build 18946]] 中的“开始”菜单
Windows10X-20279-Start.png|[[Windows 10X]] 中的“开始”菜单
Windows11-21996.1-StartMenu.png|[[21996.1.co_release.210529-1541|Windows 11 Build 21996]] 中的“开始”菜单
Windows11-10.0.22000.65-StartMenu.png|[[22000.65.co_release_svc_im.210703-0754|Windows 11 Build 22000.65]]  中的“开始”菜单，带有搜索框
Windows11-10.0.22509.1000-StartMenu.png|[[Windows 11 Build 22509.1000.rs_prerelease.211119-1136|Windows 11 Build 22509]] 中的“开始”菜单，带有更多固定项
Windows11-10.0.22509.1000-StartMenu2.png|Windows 11 Build 22509 中的“开始”菜单，带有“更多建议项”布局
Windows11-10.0.22557.1-StartMenu.png|[[22557.1.ni_release.220210-1445|Windows 11 Build 22557]] 中的“开始”菜单，带有已固定文件夹
Windows11-10.0.26100.1000-StartDark.png|[[Windows 11 v24H2|Windows 11 2024 更新]]中的“开始”菜单（深色主题）
</gallery>

[[分类:在 Windows 95 中推出]][[分类:Windows 组件]][[分类:组件与应用]]