查看““开始”菜单”的源代码

{{Infobox Windows component
|name = “开始”菜单
|other names = “开始”屏幕、“开始”页、“开始”面板
|introduced in = [[Windows 95]]
|screenshot = Windows11-10.0.26100.1000-Start.png
|caption = [[Windows 11 v24H2|Windows 11 2024 更新]]中的“开始”菜单
|replaces = [[程序管理器]]
}}
“开始”菜单是 [[Microsoft Windows 通述|Microsoft Windows]] 和其他操作系统中使用的用户界面元素，它为访问基本操作系统功能（如电源选项和设置）以及启动程序和查看最近打开的文件提供了一个中心点。

== 历史 ==
在引入“开始”菜单之前，[[程序管理器]]使用 MDI 窗口提供类似的功能。[[Windows 3.1]] 窗口管理的特殊性意味着程序管理器窗口经常会丢失在其他窗口后面，需要用户最小化多个窗口才能启动应用程序。该程序本身也受到其相当复杂的界面的影响，一些常见任务（例如退出 Windows）隐藏在名称令人困惑的菜单中。

Microsoft 旨在通过一个新的桌面隐喻用户界面来解决这个问题，此用户界面最初计划在 [[Microsoft Codename Cairo|Cairo]] 进行，后来移植到 [[Windows 95|Chicago]]。1993 年测试的初始设计包括一个带有 System（系统）、Find（查找）和 Help（帮助）按钮的托盘；每个 Menu（菜单）都公开了基本操作系统功能的一部分。可以通过浏览桌面上的“程序”目录来启动应用程序，这类似于 [[Windows 3.1]] 体验。在接下来的几个月里，此设计进一步发展，产生了一个菜单，此菜单将三个菜单和程序文件夹组合成一个界面，此界面可通过使用任务栏上的“开始”按钮进行访问。

=== Classic Start menu ===
The classic Start menu introduced with [[Windows 95]] is a single column menu that contains power options, as well as shortcuts to help, settings, documents, and installed applications. It is also possible to add custom items on top of the menu by creating shortcuts in the Start Menu directory. By default, the main menu uses 32x32 icons and displays an operating system branding banner on the left side. However, it can also be switched to small mode, which uses 16x16 icons and doesn't show any banner.

Although a new Start menu design was introduced in [[Windows XP]], the classic Start menu was still retained as an option up to [[Windows Vista]].

=== Start panel ===
The Start menu was redesigned with [[Windows XP]] to feature a two-column design, originally called the Start panel. The left pane includes links to the user's frequently used and pinned programs, as well as shortcuts to the machine's default internet and email program. Other programs could be accessed via the "All Programs" option in the bottom of the menu. The right pane features quick links to user folders, recent documents, as well as network places and settings. The menu also includes a link to account settings and power options.

The Windows XP menu is based on an earlier design called the Start page, which is shown in full screen and features more columns, although it is still very similar in principle to the smaller panel introduced later. The page originated during the development of [[Windows Neptune|Neptune]] and [[Windows Millennium|Millennium]], where it was implemented as an HTML application that would have fit in with the [[Activity Centers]] user experience. However, the feature was still in development after the cancelation of both Neptune and Activity Centers, with [[Windows XP build 2250|build 2250]] including an incomplete version of it and [[Windows XP build 2410|build 2410]] featuring a newer implementation that was rewritten using DirectUI.

The menu was redesigned with [[Windows Vista]] to fit the [[Windows Aero|Aero]] user experience. Notably, the All Programs option is now an inline scrollable menu that replaces the left pane, as opposed to it being a regular dropdown menu. A search box was also added to the bottom of the menu, allowing the user to open the Start menu and instantly search for programs, as well as files and system options. The menu was again updated in [[Windows 7]] with the introduction of Jump Lists, which can be accessed by a rightward pointing arrow shown for programs featured on the initial page.

=== Start screen ===
[[Windows 8]] relocated the traditional Start button to the Charms bar and introduced the DirectUI-based Start screen, which used a Live Tile interface similar to [[Windows Phone]]. It completely removed the links to common folders, as well as the user's recent documents and frequent applications. The background and accent color for the Start screen could now be customized, and tiles could be organized into groups which could be named. [[Windows 8.1 build 9600.17031|Windows 8.1 Update 1]] later improved the Start screen by adding Search and Power buttons to the top-right corner and added a context menu when right-clicking on tiles.

Because of [[Redpill]], early builds of Windows 8 had their Metro components disabled by default, including the Start screen. The only known Windows 8 build to be distributed with the Start screen enabled out-of-the-box is the [[Windows 8 build 8102.101|Windows 8 Developer Preview]], which comes with Redpill pre-enabled. [[Windows 8 build 8128]] is the first known build to integrate Redpill to the OS and thus remove the ability to disable the Start screen.

=== Windows 10 Start menu ===
[[Windows 10]] re-introduced the Start menu as an XAML-based taskbar flyout. [[Windows 10 build 9780|Build 9780]] had a start menu which has parts from the [[Windows 8.1]] start screen and the Windows 7 Start menu. [[Windows 10 build 9879|Build 9879]] introduced a different start menu. The left side of this new menu included links to frequently-used applications, as well as user folders. The right side featured a similar tile design to the Start screen, however the menu could be put into full-screen mode, resulting in an experience similar to the previous Start screen. In [[Windows 10 Anniversary Update]], the left column was updated to now include a list of all apps, as well as a list of user folders in a hamburger menu. [[Windows 10 build 17004]] slightly updated the apps section of the menu to use Fluent Design hover effects. [[Windows 10 build 20161]] updated the tiles and app icons so that they no longer have an accent color behind them.

=== Windows 10X and Windows 11 ===
[[Windows 10X]] introduced a centered Start menu design that removed the Live Tile functionality while also introducing a search bar and a recent items list, in addition to overhauling the installed applications list. 

After the cancellation of Windows 10X, much of its functionality was moved over to [[Windows 11]], including a start menu similar to the one seen in 10X build [[Windows 10X build 19563|19563]] and above, albeit with a missing search bar. The search bar was later re-added in [[Windows 11 build 22000.65|build 22000.65]] ([[Windows 11 build 22000.51|22000.51]] also has it, but it is disabled by default).

[[Windows 11 build 22509|Build 22509]] provided the ability to modify the Start menu layout with more pinned items or recommendations by increasing the size of each area of the Start menu. This was expanded upon in [[Windows 11 build 22610|build 22610]], which added a group policy to completely disable the recommended section. 

[[Windows 11 build 22557|Build 22557]] added the ability to create app folders in the pinned apps area by dragging an app on top of another. The renaming feature for app folders was later implemented in [[Windows 11 build 22579|build 22579]].

== 图库 ==
=== “开始”菜单 ===
<gallery>
Win95-Start.png|[[Windows 95]] 中的“开始”菜单
</gallery>

=== “开始”页 ===
<gallery>
Windows-Neptune-5.50.5111.1-ACStartPage.png|[[Windows Codename Neptune Build 5111.1]] 中的“开始”页
WindowsXPbuild2250CompletedStartPage.png|[[Windows XP Build 2250.1.main.000628-2110|Windows XP Build 2250]] 中的“开始”页
2410-StartPage.png|[[Windows XP Build 2410.1.main.001208-1937|Windows XP Build 2410]] 中的“开始”页
</gallery>

=== “开始”面板 ===
<gallery>
2250start.png|[[Windows XP Build 2250.1.main.000628-2110|Windows XP Build 2250]] 中的“开始”面板
WindowsXP-5.1.2257-PersonalStartMenu.png|[[Windows XP Build 2257.1.idx01.000810-2103|Windows XP Build 2257]] 中的“开始”面板
WindowsXP-5.1.2415-Luna.jpg|[[Windows XP Build 2415.1.lab06_N.010102-1932|Windows XP Build 2415（Lab06_N）]]中的“开始”面板
WindowsXP-5.1.2419-StartMenu.png|[[Windows XP Build 2419.1.idx02.010113-1154|Windows XP Build 2419]] 中的“开始”面板
WindowsXP-5.1.2600rtm-blstartmenu.png|[[Windows XP]] 中的“开始”面板
5112-Start.png|[[Windows Vista Build 5112.0.winmain_beta1.050720-1600|Windows Vista Build 5112]] 中的“开始”面板
WindowsVista-StartPanel.png|[[Windows Vista Build 6002.18005.lh_sp2rtm.090410-1830|Windows Vista SP2]] 中的“开始”面板
Start menu7.png|[[Windows 7]] 中的“开始”面板
</gallery>

=== “开始”屏幕 ===
<gallery>
7814-startscreen.png|[[Windows 8 Build 7814.0.fbl_core1_kernel_ee.100907-1700|Windows 8 Build 7814]] 中的“开始”屏幕
7927start.png|[[Windows 8 Build 7927.0.fbl_srv_wdacxml.110214-1930|Windows 8 Build 7927]] 中的“开始”屏幕
8008-Start.png|[[Windows 8 Build 8008.0.fbl_dnt3_wireless.110518-1900|Windows 8 Build 8008]] 中的“开始”屏幕
8102start.png|[[Windows 8 Build 8102.101.winmain_win8m3.110830-1739|Windows 8 Build 8102.101]] 中的“开始”屏幕
Windows_8_Start_Screen.png|[[Windows 8]] 中的“开始”屏幕
Windows8point1RTMStartScreen.png|[[Windows 8.1]] RTM 中的“开始”屏幕
</gallery>

===Windows 10===
<gallery>
Windows10-6.3.9780pretp-StartMenu.png|[[Windows 10 Build 9780.0.fbl_partner_eeap.140622-0937|Windows 10 Build 9780]] 中的 DirectUI“开始”菜单
9879-XAMLStart.png|[[Windows 10 Build Windows 10 Build 9879.0.fbl_release.141103-1722|Windows 10 Build 9879]] 中的 XAML“开始”菜单
Windows1099093.png|[[Windows 10 Build 9909.0.fbl_awesome1501.141213-2119|Windows 10 Build 9909]] 中的“开始”菜单
Windows10-10.0.10240-StartMenu.png|[[Windows 10 v1507|Windows 10（原始版本）]]中的“开始”菜单
Win10-14993StartMenu.png|[[Windows 10 Build 14993.1000.rs_prerelease.161211-1700|Windows 10 Build 14993]] 中的“开始”菜单
20161 StartLight.png|[[Windows 10 Build 20161.1000.rs_prerelease.200627-1754|Windows 10 Build 20161]] 中的“开始”菜单（浅色模式）
20161 StartDark.png|[[Windows 10 Build 20161.1000.rs_prerelease.200627-1754|Windows 10 Build 20161]] 中的“开始”菜单（深色模式）  
</gallery>

=== Windows 10X 和 Windows 11===
<gallery>
18946-start.png|[[Windows 10 Build 18946.1000.rs_xbox_dev.190723-1700|Windows 10 Build 18946]] 中的“开始”菜单
Windows10X-20279-Start.png|[[Windows 10X]] 中的“开始”菜单
Windows11-21996.1-StartMenu.png|[[21996.1.co_release.210529-1541|Windows 11 Build 21996]] 中的“开始”菜单
Windows11-10.0.22000.65-StartMenu.png|[[22000.65.co_release_svc_im.210703-0754|Windows 11 Build 22000.65]]  中的“开始”菜单，带有搜索框
Windows11-10.0.22509.1000-StartMenu.png|[[Windows 11 Build 22509.1000.rs_prerelease.211119-1136|Windows 11 Build 22509]] 中的“开始”菜单，带有更多固定项
Windows11-10.0.22509.1000-StartMenu2.png|Windows 11 Build 22509 中的“开始”菜单，带有“更多建议项”布局
Windows11-10.0.22557.1-StartMenu.png|[[22557.1.ni_release.220210-1445|Windows 11 Build 22557]] 中的“开始”菜单，带有已固定文件夹
Windows11-10.0.26100.1000-StartDark.png|[[Windows 11 v24H2|Windows 11 2024 更新]]中的“开始”菜单（深色主题）
</gallery>

[[分类:在 Windows 95 中推出]][[分类:Windows 组件]][[分类:组件与应用]]