MS-DOS：修订间差异
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正义羊-JRJSheep（讨论 | 贡献） （创建页面，内容为“{{Infobox operating system |title = MS-DOS |logo = MS-DOS LOGO.svg |logo size = 64px |screenshot = MS-DOS-6.22-Demo.png |developer = Microsoft Corporation |source model = 大多数版本闭源；版本 1.25 和 2.0 为开源 |initial release version = QDOS 0.10 |initial release date = 1980-7 |latest release version = MS-DOS 8.0 |latest release date = 2000-9-14 |supported platforms = x86 |kernel type = 一体化软……”） |
正义羊-JRJSheep（讨论 | 贡献） 无编辑摘要 |
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16 位 MS-DOS 端口是针对被成为 [[MSX-DOS]] 的 9 位 MSX 计算机开发的。MSX-DOS 基于 MS-DOS 1.25 内核，使用与之相同的文件系统。 | 16 位 MS-DOS 端口是针对被成为 [[MSX-DOS]] 的 9 位 MSX 计算机开发的。MSX-DOS 基于 MS-DOS 1.25 内核，使用与之相同的文件系统。 | ||
'''MS-DOS''' (Microsoft Disk Operating System) is a monolithic singletasking operating system developed by [[w:Microsoft|Microsoft]] between 1980 and 2000 for [[w:x86|x86]]-based personal computers. It was the ''de facto'' industry standard environment on the IBM PC and its clones, although it also shipped with other x86-based computers that were incompatible with IBM. | |||
By default, MS-DOS is driven by a command line interface – the <code>A></code> or <code>C:\></code> prompt shown when the command processor is ready to accept input ultimately became one of the unofficial symbols of DOS. Several software vendors have developed programs that add a more friendly user interface to manage files and launch other programs. Microsoft itself included such a program, the [[MS-DOS Shell]], with some versions of MS-DOS. | |||
There is very limited support for running multiple programs simultaneously in MS-DOS. The operating system allows a program to terminate and stay resident (TSR), meaning that a portion of the program's code can stay present in memory and be triggered by an API call or a hardware interrupt even after the base program exits. A proper [[Multitasking MS-DOS 4|multitasking version]] of MS-DOS was produced in 1986, however, it only shipped to a limited number of OEMs and eventually evolved into [[OS/2]]. | |||
Originally, MS-DOS was not available directly in retail, and was instead distributed by OEMs who licensed it from Microsoft. The manufacturer would receive an OEM Adaptation Kit, which would then be used to build a custom version of MS-DOS with support for a specific machine. However, as the market settled on close to 100% IBM-compatible clones, Microsoft ultimately started offering a generic IBM-compatible version of MS-DOS. At first, the generic version was still distributed by the OEMs who bulk-ordered it from Microsoft, although eventually Microsoft started selling MS-DOS directly in retail starting with [[MS-DOS 5]]. | |||
The standalone MS-DOS product was eventually discontinued with the release of [[Windows 95]], which [[MS-DOS in Windows 9x|integrated]] MS-DOS into [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]] itself in a move that was the subject of a major lawsuit from Caldera, the developer of the competing [[DR-DOS]] operating system. The last version, MS-DOS 8, was released in 2000 as a part of [[Windows Me]]. | |||
A port of the 16-bit MS-DOS was made for 8-bit MSX computers known as [[MSX-DOS]]. MSX-DOS is based on the MS-DOS 1.25 kernel and uses the same filesystem. | |||
== 体系结构 == | == 体系结构 == | ||