|
|
| 第 1 行： |
第 1 行： |
| {{ Infobox Windows component | | {{ Infobox Windows component |
| | name = Safe mode | | | name = 安全模式 |
| | screenshot = 2600-safemode-warning.png | | | screenshot = 2600-safemode-warning.png |
| | caption = Safe Mode notice in [[Windows XP]] | | | caption = [[Windows XP]] 中的安全模式提示 |
| | screenshot2 = 2600-safemode-desktop.png | | | screenshot2 = 2600-safemode-desktop.png |
| | caption2 = [[Windows XP]] running in safe mode | | | caption2 = [[Windows XP]] 运行在安全模式下 |
| | type = boot option | | | type = 启动选项 |
| | introduced in = [[Windows 95]]</br>[[Windows 2000]] | | | introduced in = [[Windows 95]]、<br>[[Windows 2000]] |
| }} | | }} |
| '''Safe mode''' (in some builds known as clean start, fail-safe mode, minimal services boot; also known as safe boot in NT-based versions) is a recovery feature of [[Microsoft Windows]] which allows to start the operating system in a light-weight configuration. It enables only the most essential services and drivers, whose list is stored in the registry, and forces the default basic video driver, which makes it useful for troubleshooting driver and configuration issues. The main difference between [[Windows Recovery Environment]] and safe mode is that while the recovery environment is a Windows PE distribution stored on a separate partition and is accessible as long as the boot manager is functional, safe mode operates on the main Windows installation and requires the core system components to be intact and functional.
| | 安全模式（在某些版本中称为干净启动、故障安全模式、最小服务启动；在基于 NT 的版本中也称为安全启动）是 [[Microsoft Windows 通述|Microsoft Windows]] 的一项恢复功能，它允许以轻量级配置启动操作系统。它仅启用最基本的服务和驱动程序，其列表存储在注册表中，并强制使用默认的基本视频驱动程序，这使得它可用于解决驱动程序和配置问题。[[Windows 恢复环境]]和安全模式之间的主要区别在于，虽然恢复环境是存储在单独分区上的 Windows PE 发行版，并且只要启动管理器正常运行就可以访问，但安全模式在 Windows 主安装上运行，并且要求核心系统组件完好无损且功能正常。 |
|
| |
|
| It evolved from a similar feature in [[MS-DOS 6]], which allowed the user to press the {{key press|F8}} key during boot to enter an interactive startup mode, where the operating system would print out each statement in <code>CONFIG.SYS</code> and <code>AUTOEXEC.BAT</code> and ask whether should it be executed, or the {{key press|F5}} key to skip processing of the configuration files completely.
| | 它是从 [[MS-DOS 6]] 中的类似功能演变而来，允许用户在启动时按 {{key press|F8}} 键进入交互式启动模式，操作系统将 <code>CONFIG.SYS</code> 和 <code>AUTOEXEC.BAT</code> 打印出每个语句并询问是否应该执行，或者按 {{key press|F5}} 键完全跳过配置文件的处理。 |
|
| |
|
| The mode was first introduced in [[Windows 95]], but it was not included in NT-based versions at first. Instead, Windows NT only offered an option to use the last known good configuration to start the system, which would load a backup copy of the <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet</code> key that was used for the last successful boot. A conventional Safe Mode boot option was first added in [[Windows 2000]] and has since then been supplemented by the inclusion of the [[Windows Recovery Environment]] since [[Windows 7]].
| | 此模式最初是在 [[Windows 95]] 中引入的，但最初并未包含在基于 NT 的版本中。相反，Windows NT 只提供了一个选项，可以使用上次已知的良好配置来启动系统，这将加载用于上次成功启动的 <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet</code> 键值的备份副本。传统的安全模式启动选项首先在 [[Windows 2000]] 中加入，此后从 [[Windows 7]] 开始，加入了 [[Windows 恢复环境]]。 |
|
| |
|
| In [[Windows 11]], safe mode includes the following configurations:
| | 在 [[Windows 11]] 中，安全模式包括以下配置： |
| * ''Safe Mode'', which loads only services and drivers whitelisted in <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\SafeBoot\Minimal</code>. | | * ''安全模式''，仅加载在 <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\SafeBoot\Minimal</code> 中列入白名单的服务和驱动程序。 |
| * ''Safe Mode with Command Prompt'' is the same as regular Safe Mode, but runs the executable specified in the <code>AlternateShell</code> string value in <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\SafeBoot</code> (set to <code>cmd.exe</code> by default, hence the name) instead of the regular shell. | | * ''带命令提示符的安全模式''，与常规安全模式相同，但运行在 <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\SafeBoot</code> 中的 <code>AlternateShell</code> 字符串值中指定的可执行文件（默认情况下设置为 <code>cmd.exe</code>，因此得名），而非常规 shell。 |
| * ''Safe Mode with Networking'', which loads only services and drivers whitelisted in <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\SafeBoot\Network</code>. | | * ''带有网络的安全模式''，仅加载在 <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\SafeBoot\Network</code> 中列入白名单的服务和驱动程序。 |
| * ''Directory Services Repair Mode'',{{efn|Unlike the other options, this mode is not accessible from the Startup Settings menu in [[Windows 8]] and later, therefore it is required to enable it manually using <code>msconfig.exe</code> or <code>bcdedit.exe</code>.}} which uses the same whitelist as Safe Mode with Networking when launching services; however, drivers are loaded normally. This mode is used in server editions to bring down a failing Active Directory domain controller and attempt to recover from a previous backup; it has no effect on other systems. Unlike regular Safe Mode, it does not disable graphical boot, resulting in version information being printed onscreen in [[Windows 7]] and older due to the use of the <code>/SOS</code> option. | | * ''目录服务修复模式''，{{efn|与其他选项不同，此模式无法从 [[Windows 8]] 及以上版本的“启动设置”菜单访问，因此需要使用 <code>msconfig.exe</code> 或 <code>bcdedit.exe</code> 手动启用它。}}在启动服务时使用与带网络的安全模式相同的白名单；但是，驱动程序会正常加载。此模式在服务器版本中用于关闭失败的 Active Directory 域控制器并尝试从以前的备份中恢复;它对其他系统没有影响。与常规安全模式不同，它不会禁用图形引导，从而导致由于使用 <code>/SOS</code> 选项，在 [[Windows 7]] 及更早版本中会在屏幕上打印版本信息。 |
|
| |
|
| Upon booting a system in safe mode and logging in, the system displays a notice about its purpose. Safe mode also sets the desktop background to a solid black color and displays a distinctive [[watermark]] that includes the words "Safe Mode" in each corner and the operating system version at the top center. This overrides other forms of watermark, if any. In Windows 9x, safe mode does not change the desktop background nor display the system version on the desktop (unless the user uses a pre-release/debug build, or it's manually enabled via registry; the version will appear in the bottom right corner unlike in NT versions), though it still shows the label "Safe mode" in each corner of the desktop and displays a notice after boot up.
| | 在安全模式下引导系统并登录时，系统会显示有关其用途的通知。安全模式还会将桌面背景设置为纯黑色，并显示一个独特的[[水印]]，此水印在每个角都包含“安全模式”字样，顶部中心包含操作系统版本。这将覆盖其他形式的水印（如果有）。在 Windows 9x 中，安全模式不会更改桌面背景，也不会在桌面上显示系统版本（除非用户使用预发布/调试版本，或者通过注册表手动启用；与 NT 版本不同，该版本将出现在右下角），尽管它仍然在桌面的每个角落显示“安全模式”标签，并在启动后显示通知。 |
|
| |
|
| Additionally, the system bumps down the screen resolution on Windows XP and earlier to the usual VGA size (640×480), due to it loading the standard display drivers, whereas from Vista to 8.1 it uses a higher resolution of 800×600. Windows 10 and later use a resolution of 1024×768 that, however, can be set back down to 800×600.
| | 此外，由于加载了标准显示驱动程序，系统将 Windows XP 及更早版本的屏幕分辨率降低到通常的 VGA 大小（640×480），而从 Vista 到 8.1 它使用更高的分辨率 800×600。Windows 10 及更高版本使用 1024×768 的分辨率，但是，可以将其设置回800×600。 |
|
| |
|
| Lastly, visual styles are disabled until [[Windows 7]], forcing the use of the [[Windows Classic]] theme. However, thanks to the sidebar, pre-reset builds of [[Windows Longhorn]] have a themed [[taskbar]]. Since [[Windows 8]], where the Windows Classic theme can no longer be set, the default theme is utilized, but effects such as animations and window shadows are disabled. In [[Windows 11]], due to the enforcement of the standard display drivers, rounded corners are also not utilized.
| | 最后，在 [[Windows 7]] 之前，[[视觉样式]]处于禁用状态，从而强制使用 Windows 经典主题。但是，多亏了侧边栏，[[Windows Vista|Windows Longhorn]] 的重置前版本有一个主题[[任务栏]]。从 [[Windows 8]] 开始，无法再设置 Windows 经典主题，使用默认主题，但禁用动画和窗口阴影等效果。在 [[Windows 11]] 中，由于强制实施标准显示驱动程序，因此也不会使用圆角。 |
|
| |
|
| == 图库 == | | == 图库 == |